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MAGEMin_C.jl: Examples

This page provides a set of quick examples showing how to use MAGEMin_C.jl to perform phase equilibrium calculations.

Info

Examples 1 to 8 are simple exercises to make you familiar with the various options available for the calculation

Examples 9 to 11 are more advanced and some basic background in Julia programming are recommanded

Note

  • The examples are not optimized for performances, but are provided in hope they can be useful to present MAGEMin_C functionality.

Quickstart examples

E.1 Predefined compositions

This is an example of how to use it for a predefined bulk rock composition:

julia
using MAGEMin_C
db   = "ig"  # database: ig, igneous (Holland et al., 2018); mp, metapelite (White et al 2014b)
data = Initialize_MAGEMin(db, verbose=true);
test = 0         #KLB1
data = use_predefined_bulk_rock(data, test);
P    = 8.0;
T    = 800.0;
out  = point_wise_minimization(P,T, data);

which gives

julia
 Status             :            0 
 Mass residual      : +5.34576e-06
 Rank               :            0 
 Point              :            1 
 Temperature        :   +800.00000       [C] 
 Pressure           :     +8.00000       [kbar]

 SOL = [G: -797.749] (25 iterations, 39.62 ms)
 GAM = [-979.481432,-1774.104523,-795.261024,-673.747244,-375.070247,-917.557241,-829.990582,-1023.656703,-257.019268,-1308.294427]

 Phase :      spn      cpx      opx       ol 
 Mode  :  0.02799  0.14166  0.24228  0.58807

Note

Thermodynamic dataset acronym are the following:

  • mtl -> mantle (Holland et al., 2013)

  • mp -> metapelite (White et al., 2014)

  • mb -> metabasite (Green et al., 2016)

  • ig -> igneous (Green et al., 2025 updated from and replacing Holland et al., 2018)

  • igad -> igneous alkaline dry (Weller et al., 2024)

  • um -> ultramafic (Evans & Frost, 2021)

  • sb11 -> Stixrude & Lithgow-Bertelloni (2011)

  • sb21 -> Stixrude & Lithgow-Bertelloni (2021)

  • ume -> ultramafic extended (Green et al., 2016 + Evans & Frost, 2021)

  • mpe -> extended metapelite (White et al., 2014 + Green et al., 2016 + Franzolin et al., 2011 + Diener et al., 2007)

  • mbe -> extended metabasite (Green et al., 2016 + Diener et al., 2007 + Rebay et al., 2022)

E.2 Minimization output

in the previous example the results of the minimization are saved in a structure called out. To access all the information stored in the structure simply do:

julia
out.

Then press tab (tabulation key) to display all stored data:

julia

out.
G_system Gamma MAGEMin_ver M_sys PP_vec P_kbar SS_vec T_C V Vp Vp_S Vs Vs_S X
aAl2O3 aFeO aH2O aMgO aSiO2 aTiO2 alpha bulk bulkMod bulkModulus_M bulkModulus_S bulk_F bulk_F_wt bulk_M
bulk_M_wt bulk_S bulk_S_wt bulk_res_norm bulk_wt cp dQFM dataset enthalpy entropy fO2 frac_F frac_F_wt frac_M
frac_M_wt frac_S frac_S_wt iter mSS_vec n_PP n_SS n_mSS oxides ph ph_frac ph_frac_vol ph_frac_wt ph_id
ph_type rho rho_F rho_M rho_S s_cp shearMod shearModulus_S status time_ms

In order to access any of these variables type for instance:

julia
out.fO2

which will give you the oxygen fugacity:

julia
out.fO2
-4.405735414252153

to access the list of stable phases and their fraction in mol:

julia
out.ph
4-element Vector{String}:
"liq"
"g"
"sp"
"ru"

out.ph_frac
4-element Vector{Float64}:
0.970482189810529
0.003792750364729876
0.020229088594267013
0.0054959712304740085

Chemical potential of the pure components (oxides) of the system is retrieved as:

julia
out.Gamma
11-element Vector{Float64}:
-1017.3138187719679
-1847.7215909497188
-881.3605772634041
-720.5475835413267
-428.1896629304572
-1051.6248892195592
-1008.7336303031074
-1070.7332593397723
-228.07833391903714
-561.1937065530427
-440.764181608507

out.oxides
11-element Vector{String}:
"SiO2"
"Al2O3"
"CaO"
"MgO"
"FeO"
"K2O"
"Na2O"
"TiO2"
"O"
"MnO"
"H2O"

The composition in wt of the first listed solution phase ("liq") can be accessed as

julia
out.SS_vec[1].Comp_wt
11-element Vector{Float64}:
0.6174962747665693
0.1822124172602761
0.006265730986600257
0.0185105629478801
0.04555393290694774
0.038161590650707795
0.013329583423813463
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.07846990705720527

and the end-member fraction in wt and their names as

julia
out.SS_vec[1].emFrac_wt
8-element Vector{Float64}:
0.4608062343057727
0.0972375952287159
0.17818888101139307
0.02313962538195582
0.12734359573100587
0.025819902698522926
0.047571646835750894
0.03989251880688298
out.SS_vec[1].emNames
8-element Vector{String}:
"q4L"
"abL"
"kspL"
"anL"
"slL"
"fo2L"
"fa2L"
"h2oL"

E.3 Custom composition

And here a case in which you specify your own bulk rock composition.

julia
using MAGEMin_C
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("ig", verbose=false);
P,T     = 10.0, 1100.0
Xoxides = ["SiO2"; "Al2O3"; "CaO"; "MgO"; "FeO"; "Fe2O3"; "K2O"; "Na2O"; "TiO2"; "Cr2O3"; "H2O"];
X       = [48.43; 15.19; 11.57; 10.13; 6.65; 1.64; 0.59; 1.87; 0.68; 0.0; 3.0];
sys_in  = "wt"
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, sys_in=sys_in)

which gives:

julia
Pressure          : 10.0      [kbar]
Temperature       : 1100.0    [Celsius]
     Stable phase | Fraction (mol fraction) 
              liq   0.75133 
              cpx   0.20987 
              opx   0.03877 
     Stable phase | Fraction (wt fraction) 
              liq   0.73001 
              cpx   0.22895 
              opx   0.04096 
Gibbs free energy : -916.874646  (45 iterations; 86.53 ms)
Oxygen fugacity          : 2.0509883251350577e-8

After the calculation is finished, the structure out holds all the information about the stable assemblage, including seismic velocities, melt content, melt chemistry, densities etc. You can show a full overview of that with

julia
print_info(out)

If you are interested in the density or seismic velocity at the point, access it with

julia
out.rho
2755.2995530913095
out.Vp
3.945646731595539

Once you are done with all calculations, release the memory with

julia
Finalize_MAGEMin(data)

E.4 Export data to CSV

Using previous example to compute a point:

julia
using MAGEMin_C
dtb     = "ig"
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin(dtb, verbose=false);
P,T     = 10.0, 1100.0
Xoxides = ["SiO2"; "Al2O3"; "CaO"; "MgO"; "FeO"; "Fe2O3"; "K2O"; "Na2O"; "TiO2"; "Cr2O3"; "H2O"];
X       = [48.43; 15.19; 11.57; 10.13; 6.65; 1.64; 0.59; 1.87; 0.68; 0.0; 3.0];
sys_in  = "wt"
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, sys_in=sys_in)

Exporting the result of the minimization(s) to an CSV file is straightforward:

julia
MAGEMin_data2dataframe(out,dtb,"filename")

where out is the output structure, dtb is the database acronym and "filename" is the filename 😃

The output structure can also be saved as inlined i.e., that every line of the .csv file will output one pressure-temperature phase equilibrium calculation:

julia
MAGEMin_data2dataframe_inlined(out,dtb,"filename")

Note

  • You don't have to add the file extension .csv

  • The output path (MAGEMin_C directory) is displayed in the Julia terminal

  • For multiple points, simply provide the Julia Vector{out}. See Example 8 for more details on how to create a vector of minimization output.

E.5 Removing solution phase from consideration

To suppress solution phases from the calculation, define a remove list rm_list using the remove_phases() function. In the latter, provide a vector of the solution phase(s) you want to remove and the database acronym as a second argument. Then pass the created rm_list to the single_point_minimization() function.

julia
using MAGEMin_C
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("mp", verbose=-1, solver=0);
rm_list = remove_phases(["liq","sp"],"mp");
P,T     = 10.713125, 1177.34375;
Xoxides = ["SiO2","Al2O3","CaO","MgO","FeO","K2O","Na2O","TiO2","O","MnO","H2O"];
X       = [70.999,12.805,0.771,3.978,6.342,2.7895,1.481,0.758,0.72933,0.075,30.0];
sys_in  = "mol";
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, sys_in=sys_in,rm_list=rm_list)

which gives:

julia
Pressure          : 10.713125      [kbar]
Temperature       : 1177.3438    [Celsius]
     Stable phase | Fraction (mol fraction) 
              fsp   0.29236 
                g   0.13786 
             ilmm   0.01526 
                q   0.22534 
             sill   0.10705 
              H2O   0.22213 
     Stable phase | Fraction (wt fraction) 
              fsp   0.34544 
                g   0.17761 
             ilmm   0.0261 
                q   0.25385 
             sill   0.12197 
              H2O   0.07503 
     Stable phase | Fraction (vol fraction) 
              fsp   0.31975 
                g   0.10873 
             ilmm   0.01307 
                q   0.23367 
             sill   0.08991 
              H2O   0.23487 
Gibbs free energy : -920.021202  (25 iterations; 27.45 ms)
Oxygen fugacity          : -5.4221261006295105
Delta QFM                : 2.506745293747623

Note

Note that if you want to suppress a single phase, you still need to define a vector to be passed to the remove_phases() function, such as shown below.

julia
using MAGEMin_C
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("mp", verbose=-1, solver=0);
rm_list = remove_phases(["liq"],"mp");
P,T     = 10.713125, 1177.34375;
Xoxides = ["SiO2","Al2O3","CaO","MgO","FeO","K2O","Na2O","TiO2","O","MnO","H2O"];
X       = [70.999,12.805,0.771,3.978,6.342,2.7895,1.481,0.758,0.72933,0.075,30.0];
sys_in  = "mol";
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, sys_in=sys_in,rm_list=rm_list)

which gives:

julia
Pressure          : 10.713125      [kbar]
Temperature       : 1177.3438    [Celsius]
     Stable phase | Fraction (mol fraction) 
              fsp   0.29337 
                g   0.12 
               sp   0.03036 
                q   0.23953 
             sill   0.08939 
               ru   0.00521 
              H2O   0.22213 
     Stable phase | Fraction (wt fraction) 
              fsp   0.34667 
                g   0.15368 
               sp   0.04514 
                q   0.26983 
             sill   0.10184 
               ru   0.00781 
              H2O   0.07503 
     Stable phase | Fraction (vol fraction) 
              fsp   0.31981 
                g   0.09422 
               sp   0.02492 
                q   0.24761 
             sill   0.07484 
               ru   0.00446 
              H2O   0.23413 
Gibbs free energy : -920.00146  (19 iterations; 27.79 ms)
Oxygen fugacity          : -5.760704474307317
Delta QFM                : 2.1681669200698166

E.6 Oxygen buffer

Here we need to initialize MAGEMin with the desired buffer (qfm in this case, see list at the beginning).

Note

Note that O/Fe2O3 value needs to be large enough to saturate the system. Excess oxygen-content will be removed from the output

julia
using MAGEMin_C 
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("ig", verbose=false, buffer="qfm");
P,T     = 10.0, 1100.0
Xoxides = ["SiO2","Al2O3","CaO","MgO","FeO","K2O","Na2O","TiO2","O","Cr2O3","H2O"];
X       = [48.43; 15.19; 11.57; 10.13; 6.65; 1.64; 0.59; 1.87; 4.0; 0.1; 3.0];
sys_in  = "wt"    
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, sys_in=sys_in)

Buffer offset in the log10 scale can be applied as

julia
using MAGEMin_C 
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("ig", verbose=false, buffer="qfm");
P,T     = 10.0, 1100.0
Xoxides = ["SiO2","Al2O3","CaO","MgO","FeO","K2O","Na2O","TiO2","O","Cr2O3","H2O"];
X       = [48.43; 15.19; 11.57; 10.13; 6.65; 1.64; 0.59; 1.87; 4.0; 0.1; 3.0];
offset  = -1.0
sys_in  = "wt"    
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, B=offset, sys_in=sys_in)

Note

Several buffers can be used to fix the oxygen fugacity

  • qfm -> quartz-fayalite-magnetite

  • qif -> quartz-iron-fayalite

  • nno -> nickel-nickel oxide

  • hm -> hematite-magnetite

  • iw -> iron-wüstite

  • cco -> carbon dioxide-carbon

E.7 Activity buffer

Like for oxygen buffer, activity buffer can be prescribe as follow

Note

Note that the corresponding oxide-content needs to be large enough to saturate the system. Excess oxide-content will be removed from the output

julia
using MAGEMin_C 
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("ig", verbose=false, buffer="aTiO2");
P,T     = 10.0, 700.0
Xoxides = ["SiO2","Al2O3","CaO","MgO","FeO","K2O","Na2O","TiO2","O","Cr2O3","H2O"];
X       = [48.43; 15.19; 11.57; 10.13; 6.65; 1.64; 0.59; 4.0; 0.1; 0.1; 3.0];
value  = 0.9
sys_in  = "wt"    
out     = single_point_minimization(P, T, data, X=X, Xoxides=Xoxides, B=value, sys_in=sys_in)

Note

Similarly activity can be fixed for the following oxides

  • aH2O -> using water as reference phase

  • aO2 -> using dioxygen as reference phase

  • aMgO -> using periclase as reference phase

  • aFeO -> using ferropericlase as reference phase

  • aAl2O3 -> using corundum as reference phase

  • aTiO2 -> using rutile as reference phase

  • aSiO2 -> using quartz/coesite as reference phase

E.8 Many points

julia
using MAGEMin_C
db   = "ig"  # database: ig, igneous (Holland et al., 2018); mp, metapelite (White et al 2014b)
data  = Initialize_MAGEMin(db, verbose=false);
test = 0         #KLB1
n    = 1000
P    = rand(8.0:40,n);
T    = rand(800.0:2000.0, n);
out  = multi_point_minimization(P,T, data, test=test);
Finalize_MAGEMin(data)

By default, this will show a progressbar (which you can deactivate with the progressbar=false option).

You can also specify a custom bulk rock for all points (see above), or a custom bulk rock for every point.

Advanced examples

E.9 Fractional crystallization

The following example shows how to perform fractional crystallization using a hydrous basalt magma as a starting composition. The results are displayed using PlotlyJS. This example is provided in the hope it may be useful for learning how to use MAGEMin_C for more advanced applications.

Note

Note that if we wanted to use a buffer, we would need to initialize MAGEMin as in example 4. Because during fractional crystallization the bulk-rock composition is updated at every step, we would need to increase the oxygen-content (O) of the new bulk-rock

julia
using MAGEMin_C
using PlotlyJS

# number of computational steps
nsteps = 64

# Starting/ending Temperature [°C]
T = range(1200.0,600.0,nsteps)

# Starting/ending Pressure [kbar]
P = range(3.0,0.1,nsteps)

# Starting composition [mol fraction], here we used an hydrous basalt; composition taken from Blatter et al., 2013 (01SB-872, Table 1), with added O and water saturated
oxides  = ["SiO2"; "Al2O3"; "CaO"; "MgO"; "FeO"; "K2O"; "Na2O"; "TiO2"; "O"; "Cr2O3"; "H2O"]
bulk_0  = [38.448328757254195, 7.718376151972274, 8.254653357127351, 9.95911842561036, 5.97899305676308, 0.24079752710315697, 2.2556006776515964, 0.7244006013202644, 0.7233140004182841, 0.0, 12.696417444779453];

# Define bulk-rock composition unit
sys_in  = "mol"

# Choose database
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin("ig", verbose=false);

# allocate storage space
Out_XY  = Vector{out_struct}(undef,nsteps)

melt_F  = 1.0
bulk    = copy(bulk_0)
np      = 0
while melt_F > 0.0
    np             +=1

    out     = single_point_minimization(P[np], T[np], data, X=bulk, Xoxides=oxides, sys_in=sys_in) 
    Out_XY[np]   = deepcopy(out)

    # retrieve melt composition to use as starting composition for next iteration
    melt_F          = out.frac_M
    bulk           .= out.bulk_M 

    print("#$np  P: $(round(P[np],digits=3)), T: $(round(T[np],digits=3))\n")
    print("    ---------------------\n")
    print("     melt_F: $(round(melt_F, digits=3))\n     melt_composition: $(round.(bulk ,digits=3))\n\n")

end

ndata               = np -1             # last point has melt fraction = 0

x                   = Vector{String}(undef,ndata)
melt_SiO2_anhydrous = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)
melt_FeO_anhydrous  = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)
melt_H2O            = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)
fluid_frac          = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)
melt_density        = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)
residual_density    = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)
system_density      = Vector{Float64}(undef,ndata)

for i=1:ndata
    x[i]    = "[$(round(P[i],digits=3)), $(round(T[i],digits=3))]"
    melt_SiO2_anhydrous[i]  = Out_XY[i].bulk_M[1] / (sum(Out_XY[i].bulk_M[1:end-1])) * 100.0
    melt_FeO_anhydrous[i]   = Out_XY[i].bulk_M[5] / (sum(Out_XY[i].bulk_M[1:end-1])) * 100.0
    melt_H2O[i]             = Out_XY[i].bulk_M[end] *100
    fluid_frac[i]           = Out_XY[i].frac_F*100

    melt_density[i]         = Out_XY[i].rho_M
    residual_density[i]     = Out_XY[i].rho_S 
    system_density[i]       = Out_XY[i].rho
end

# section to plot composition evolution
trace1 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = melt_SiO2_anhydrous, 
                    name    = "Anyhdrous SiO₂ [mol%]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "firebrick", 
                                    width   = 2)                )
trace2 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = melt_FeO_anhydrous, 
                    name    = "Anyhdrous FeO [mol%]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "royalblue", 
                                    width   = 2)                )

trace3 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = melt_H2O, 
                    name    = "H₂O [mol%]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "cornflowerblue", 
                                    width   = 2)                )

trace4 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = fluid_frac, 
                    name    = "fluid [mol%]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "black", 
                                    width   = 2)                )

layout = Layout(    title           = "Melt composition",
                    xaxis_title     = "PT [kbar, °C]",
                    yaxis_title     = "Oxide [mol%]")


plot([trace1,trace2,trace3,trace4], layout)
MELT compo
julia

# section to plot density evolution
trace1 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = melt_density, 
                    name    = "Melt density [kg/m³]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "gold", 
                                    width   = 2)                )
                      
trace2 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = residual_density, 
                    name    = "Residual density [kg/m³]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "firebrick", 
                                    width   = 2)                )
                      
trace3 = scatter(   x       = x, 
                    y       = system_density, 
                    name    = "System density[kg/m³]",
                    line    = attr( color   = "coral", 
                                    width   = 2)                )

layout = Layout(    title           = "Density evolution",
                    xaxis_title     = "PT [kbar, °C]",
                    yaxis_title     = "Density [kg/³]")


plot([trace1,trace2,trace3], layout)
Density evolution

E.10 Threaded fractional crystallization

julia

using ProgressMeter
using MAGEMin_C
using Base.Threads: @threads

function get_data_thread( MAGEMin_db :: MAGEMin_Data )

    id          = Threads.threadid()
    gv          = MAGEMin_db.gv[id]
    z_b         = MAGEMin_db.z_b[id]
    DB          = MAGEMin_db.DB[id]
    splx_data   = MAGEMin_db.splx_data[id]
    
   return (gv, z_b, DB, splx_data)
end

function example_of_threaded_MAGEMin_calc(  data_thread :: Tuple{Any, Any, Any, Any}, dtb :: String,

                                            starting_P :: Float64,
                                            starting_T :: Float64,
                                            ending_T   :: Float64,
                                            n_steps    :: Int64,

                                            sys_in     :: String,
                                            bulk       :: Vector{Float64},
                                            Xoxides    :: Vector{String}           )

    gv, z_b, DB, splx_data = data_thread        # Unpack the MAGEMin data

    Out_PT = Vector{out_struct}(undef, n_steps)
    gv      = define_bulk_rock(gv, bulk, Xoxides, sys_in, dtb);

    for i = 1:n_steps


        P       = Float64(starting_P)
        T       = Float64(starting_T - (starting_T - ending_T) * (i-1)/(n_steps-1))

        out     = point_wise_minimization(  P, T, gv, z_b, DB, splx_data;
                                                name_solvus=true)

        Out_PT[i] = deepcopy(out)

        if "liq" in out.ph 
            bulk    = out.bulk_M
            oxides  = out.oxides

            gv      = define_bulk_rock(gv, bulk, oxides, "mol", dtb);
        end

    end

    return Out_PT

end

function perform_threaded_calc( Out_all     :: Vector{Vector{out_struct}},
                                data        :: MAGEMin_Data,
                                dtb         :: String,
                                n_starting_points :: Int64,
                                starting_P  :: Vector{Float64},
                                starting_T  :: Vector{Float64},
                                ending_T    :: Vector{Float64},
                                n_steps     :: Int64,
                                sys_in      :: String,
                                bulk        :: Matrix{Float64},
                                Xoxides     :: Vector{String} )

    progr = Progress(n_starting_points, desc="Computing $n_starting_points examples of threaded MAGEMin_calc...") # progress meter
    @threads :static for i=1:n_starting_points

        data_thread = get_data_thread(data)
        starting_P_  = starting_P[i]
        starting_T_  = starting_T[i]
        ending_T_    = ending_T[i]
        n_steps_     = n_steps
        bulk_        = bulk[i,:]

        Out_PT = example_of_threaded_MAGEMin_calc(  data_thread, dtb,

                                                    starting_P_,
                                                    starting_T_,
                                                    ending_T_,
                                                    n_steps_,
                                                    sys_in,
                                                    bulk_,
                                                    Xoxides )

        Out_all[i] = Out_PT
        next!(progr)

    end
    finish!(progr)

    return Out_all
end

# first initialize MAGEMin
dtb     = "mp"
data    = Initialize_MAGEMin(dtb, verbose=-1; solver=2);

n_starting_points  = 64

# Allocate memory for the output (Nested_structure where each element is a vector of gmin_struct)
Out_all  =  Vector{Vector{out_struct}}(undef, n_starting_points);


starting_P  = [range(1.0,10.0,n_starting_points);]      # 10 starting points
starting_T  = ones(n_starting_points) .* 1300.0      
ending_T    = ones(n_starting_points) .* 600.0  
n_steps     = 128

sys_in      = "wt"
bulk        = repeat([58.509,  1.022,   14.858, 4.371, 0.141, 4.561, 5.912, 3.296, 2.399, 10.0, 0.0]', n_starting_points)
Xoxides     = ["SiO2", "TiO2", "Al2O3", "FeO",  "MnO",  "MgO",  "CaO",  "Na2O", "K2O","H2O","O"]

Out_all     = perform_threaded_calc(Out_all, data, dtb, n_starting_points, starting_P, starting_T, ending_T, n_steps, sys_in, bulk, Xoxides);

Finalize_MAGEMin(data)

E.11 Isentropic path calculation

julia
using MAGEMin_C
using Plots
using ProgressMeter

dtb         = "ig"
data        = Initialize_MAGEMin(dtb,verbose=-1);
test        = 0         # KLB-1
data        = use_predefined_bulk_rock(data, test);

MPT         = 1350.0;                                                            # Mantle potential temperature in °C
adiabat     = 0.55;                                                              # Adiabatic gradient in the upper mantle °C/km
Depth       = 100.0;                                                             # Depth in km
rho_Mantle  = 3300.0;                                                            # Density of the mantle in kg/m³

Ts          = MPT + adiabat * Depth                                              # Starting temperature in the isentropic path (rough estimate)
Ps          = Depth*1e3*9.81*rho_Mantle/1e5/1e3                                  # Starting pressure in kbar (rough estimate)
Pe          = 0.001;                                                             # Ending pressure in kbar

n_steps     = 32;                                                                # number of steps in the isentropic path
n_max       = 32;                                                                # Maximum number of iterations in the bisection method
tolerance   = 0.1;                                                               # Tolerance for the bisection method
P           = Array(range(Ps, stop=Pe, length=n_steps))                          # Defines pressure values for the isentropic path
out         = Vector{out_struct}(undef, n_steps)      # Vector to store the output of the single_point_minimization function
out_tmp     = out_struct;

# compute the reference entropy at pressure and temperature of reference 
out[1]      = deepcopy( single_point_minimization(Ps,Ts, data));
Sref        = out[1].entropy                                                    # Entropy of the system at the starting point   

@showprogress for j = 2:n_steps

        a           = out[j-1].T_C - 50.0
        b           = out[j-1].T_C
        n           = 1
        conv        = 0
        n           = 0
        sign_a      = -1

        while n < n_max && conv == 0
            c       = (a+b)/2.0
            out_tmp = deepcopy( single_point_minimization(P[j],c, data));
            result  = out_tmp.entropy - Sref

            sign_c  = sign(result)

            if abs(b-a) < tolerance
                conv = 1
            else
                if  sign_c == sign_a
                    a = c
                    sign_a = sign_c
                else
                    b = c
                end
                
            end
            n += 1
        end

        out[j] = deepcopy(out_tmp)
end

Finalize_MAGEMin(data)


#=
    In the following section we extract the melt fraction, total melt fraction, SiO2 in the melt, melt density for all steps
=#
S           = [out[i].entropy for i in 1:n_steps];                          # check entropy values
frac_M      = [out[i].frac_M for i in 1:n_steps];                           # Melt fraction for all steps
frac_M[frac_M .== 0.0] .= NaN;                                              # Replace 0.0 values with NaN
T           = [out[i].T_C for i in 1:n_steps];                              # extract temperature for all steps

SiO2_id     = findfirst(out[1].oxides .== "SiO2")                           # Index of SiO2 in the oxides array   
dry_id      = findall(out[1].oxides .!= "H2O")                              # Indices of all oxides except H2O
SiO2_M_dry  = [ (out[i].bulk_M[SiO2_id] / sum(out[i].bulk_M[dry_id])*100.0) for i in 1:n_steps];                             # SiO2 in the melt for all steps
rho_M       = [ (out[i].rho_M) for i in 1:n_steps];                         # melt density for all steps
rho_M[rho_M .== 0.0] .= NaN;                                                # Replace 0.0 values with NaN


#=
    Ploting the results using Plots
=#
p1          = plot(T,P, xlabel="Temperature (°C)", marker = :circle, markersize = 2, lw=2, ylabel="Pressure (kbar)", legend=false)
p2          = plot(frac_M,P, xlabel="Melt fraction (mol)", marker = :circle, markersize = 2, lw=2, ylabel="Pressure (kbar)", legend=false)
p3          = plot(rho_M,P, xlabel="Melt density (kg/m³)", marker = :circle, markersize = 2, lw=2, ylabel="Pressure (kbar)",        legend=false)
p4          = plot(SiO2_M_dry,P, xlabel="SiO₂ melt anhydrous (mol%)", marker = :circle, markersize = 2, lw=2, ylabel="Pressure (kbar)",  legend=false)


fig = plot(p1, p2, p3, p4, layout=(2, 2), size=(800, 600))
savefig(fig,"isentropic_path.png")

References

  • Green, ECR, Holland, TJB, Powell, R, Weller, OM, & Riel, N (2025). Journal of Petrology, 66, doi: 10.1093/petrology/egae079

  • Weller, OM, Holland, TJB, Soderman, CR, Green, ECR, Powell, R, Beard, CD & Riel, N (2024). New Thermodynamic Models for Anhydrous Alkaline-Silicate Magmatic Systems. Journal of Petrology, 65, doi: 10.1093/petrology/egae098

  • Holland, TJB, Green, ECR & Powell, R (2022). A thermodynamic modelfor feldspars in KAlSi3O8-NaAlSi3O8-CaAl2Si2O8 for mineral equilibrium calculations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 40, 587-600, doi: 10.1111/jmg.12639

  • Tomlinson, EL & Holland, TJB (2021). A Thermodynamic Model for the Subsolidus Evolution and Melting of Peridotite. Journal of Petrology,62, doi: 10.1093/petrology/egab012

  • Holland, TJB, Green, ECR & Powell, R (2018). Melting of Peridotitesthrough to Granites: A Simple Thermodynamic Model in the System KNCFMASHTOCr. Journal of Petrology, 59, 881-900, doi: 10.1093/petrology/egy048

  • Green, ECR, White, RW, Diener, JFA, Powell, R, Holland, TJB & Palin, RM (2016). Activity-composition relations for the calculationof partial melting equilibria in metabasic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 34, 845-869, doi: 10.1111/jmg12211

  • White, RW, Powell, R, Holland, TJB, Johnson, TE & Green, ECR (2014). New mineral activity-composition relations for thermodynamic calculations in metapelitic systems. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32, 261-286, doi: 10.1111/jmg.12071

  • Holland, TJB & Powell, RW (2011). An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest, involving a new equation of state for solids. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 29, 333-383, doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00923.x